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Patna: Bihar has made remarkable strides in makhana (fox nut) cultivation over past decade, with its production area nearly tripling, thanks to sustained efforts by state government. Recent export of makhana to United States by Sudha, under the aegis of COMFED and Agriculture Department, marks a significant milestone in Bihar’s journey towards global recognition of its indigenous produce.

In 2012, makhana was cultivated across approximately 13,000 hectares in Bihar. Through CM’s Horticulture Mission and Makhana Development Scheme, this area has expanded to 35,224 hectares. Productivity has also witnessed a sharp rise — increasing from 16 quintals per hectare to 28 quintals per hectare — primarily due to use of high-yielding seed varieties.

Today, nearly 25,000 farmers are engaged in makhana cultivation across the state. Bihar's makhana received Geographical Indication (GI) tag as “Mithila Makhana” from Government of India on August 20, 2022, further cementing its unique identity and enhancing its market potential.

Boosting Production and Farmer Support

Makhana Development Scheme, launched in 2019-20, has promoted varieties like Swarna Vaidehi developed by Makhana Research Centre in Darbhanga and Sabour Makhana-1 from Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural College. Scheme has expanded makhana cultivation in 10 key districts of Bihar and offers multiple incentives to farmers. These include grants for warehouse construction to store harvested makhana and promotional events like Makhana Festival to raise awareness and market outreach both within and outside the state.

Widespread Cultivation Across Districts

Makhana is primarily cultivated in 10 districts: Darbhanga, Madhubani, Katihar, Araria, Purnia, Kishanganj, Supaul, Madhepura, Saharsa, and Khagaria. Given rising global demand, production has now been extended to 16 districts. Bihar accounts for nearly 85% of India’s total makhana production.

Revenue Growth and Future Plans

Revenue generated from fishery and makhana water leases has also seen a significant increase — from ₹3.83 crore in 2005 to ₹17.52 crore in 2023-24, a 4.57-fold rise. Recognizing the growing export potential, Bihar government is in process of establishing a dedicated Makhana Board. This board will oversee the integrated development of makhana sector, including area expansion, mechanization, processing, marketing, and exports.